Emotion Dysregulation Assessment in Young Children According to Research Domain Criteria

Particularly in childhood, comorbid diagnoses are the rule and not the exception (Costello, Mustillo, Erkanli, Keeler, & Angold, 2003), which has led to efforts to identify common underlying mechanisms that cut across disorders. We proposed to develop and test a behavioral assessment battery for preschool children that aligns with two NIMH Research Domain Criteria domains relevant to childhood psychopathology: 1) Positive Valence and 2) Negative Valence. We recruited participants 3-8 years old at varying risk for developing psychopathology, including children with and without familial risk for psychopathology, with and without subthreshold problem behaviors, and children with and without internalizing and externalizing disorders, with the aim of developing and validating an assessment tool. Validation included coding behaviors during mood induction tasks adapted to induce positive and negative valence and comparing behaviors to associated domains from multiple informants (parents, clinicians) and at different levels of analysis (parent-report, behaviors, physiology). Once standardized and validated, this battery could facilitate the identification of mechanisms of childhood-onset psychopathology critical to discovery of more effective interventions that target underlying dysfunctional processes.PHDPsychologyUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138496/1/ellenwax_1.pd

Does Child Sex Moderate Vulnerability to Postpartum Risk among Infants of Mothers at Risk for Psychopathology?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/110024/1/infa12065.pd

Wearable Sensors Outperform Behavioral Coding as Valid Marker of Childhood Anxiety and Depression

There is a significant need to develop objective measures for identifying children under the age of 8 who have anxiety and depression. If left untreated, early internalizing symptoms can lead to adolescent and adult internalizing disorders as well as comorbidity which can yield significant health problems later in life including increased risk for suicide. To this end, we propose the use of an instrumented fear induction task for identifying children with internalizing disorders, and demonstrate its efficacy in a sample of 63 children between the ages of 3 and 7. In so doing, we extract objective measures that capture the full six degree-of-freedom movement of a child using data from a belt-worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) and relate them to behavioral fear codes, parent-reported child symptoms and clinician-rated child internalizing diagnoses. We find that IMU motion data, but not behavioral codes, are associated with parent-reported child symptoms and clinician-reported child internalizing diagnosis in this sample. These results demonstrate that IMU motion data are sensitive to behaviors indicative of child psychopathology. Moreover, the proposed IMU-based approach has increased feasibility of collection and processing compared to behavioral codes, and therefore should be explored further in future studies

Ptsd Symptoms Across Pregnancy And Early Postpartum Among Women With Lifetime Ptsd Diagnosis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122410/1/da22465.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/122410/2/da22465_am.pd

A water column study of methane around gas flares located at the West Spitsbergen continental margin

In the Arctic Seas, the West Spitsbergen continental margin represents a prominent methane seep area. In this area, free gas formation and gas ebullition as a consequence of hydrate dissociation due to global warming are currently under debate. Recent studies revealed shallow gas accumulation and ebullition of methane into the water column at more than 250 sites in an area of 665 km2. We conducted a detailed study of a subregion of this area, which covers an active gas ebullition area of 175 km2 characterized by 10 gas flares reaching from the seafloor at~245 m up to 50 m water depth to identify the fate of the released gas due to dissolution of methane from gas bubbles and subsequent mixing, transport and microbial oxidation. The oceanographic data indicated a salinity-controlled pycnocline situated ~20 m above the seafloor. A high resolution sampling program at the pycnocline at the active gas ebullition flare area revealed that the methane concentration gradient is strongly controlled by the pycnocline. While high methane concentrations of up to 524 nmol L−1 were measured below the pycnocline, low methane concentrations of less than 20 nmol L−1 were observed in the water column above. Variations in the δ13CCH4 values point to a 13C depleted methane source (~−60‰ VPDB) being mainly mixed with a background values of the ambient water (~−37.5‰ VPDB). A gas bubble dissolution model indicates that ~80% of the methane released from gas bubbles into the ambient water takes place below the pycnocline. This dissolved methane will be laterally transported with the current northwards and most likely microbially oxidized in between 50 and 100 days, since microbial CH4 oxidation rates of 0.78 nmol d−1 were measured. Above the pycnocline, methane concentrations decrease to local background concentration of ~10 nmol L−1. Our results suggest that the methane dissolved from gas bubbles is efficiently trapped below the pycnocline and thus limits the methane concentration in surface water and the air–sea exchange during summer stratification. During winter the lateral stratification breaks down and fractions of the bottom water enriched in methane may be vertically mixed and thus be potentially an additional source for atmospheric methane

Patients with Surgical Wounds Healing by Secondary Intention: A Prospective, Cohort Study

Background: Surgical wounds healing by secondary intention can be difficult and costly to manage and are profoundly under researched. This prospective inception, cohort study aimed to derive a better understanding of surgical wounds healing by secondary intention and to facilitate the design of future research investigating effective treatments. Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention and the surgeries that preceded their wounds; to clearly delineate the clinical outcomes of these patients, specifically focusing on time to wound healing and its determinants; to explore the types of treatments for surgical wounds healing by secondary intention; and to assess the impact surgical wounds healing by secondary intention have on patients’ quality of life. Design: Prospective, inception cohort study. Setting: Acute and community settings in eight sites across two large centres in the United Kingdom (Hull and Leeds, UK). Methods: Patients with a surgical wounds healing by secondary intention (an open wound, < 3 weeks’ duration, resulting from surgery), were recruited and followed up for at least 12 months. Key outcome events included: time to healing; treatment type; infection; hospital re-admission and further procedures; health-related quality of life and pain. Results: In total, 393 patients were recruited. Common co-morbidities were cardiovascular disease (38%), diabetes (26%) and peripheral vascular disease (14.5%). Baseline median SWHSI area was 6 cm2 (range 0.01-1200). Abdominal (n=132), foot (n=59), leg (n=58) and peri-anal (n=34) wounds were common. The majority of wounds (236, 60.1%) were intentionally left open following surgery; the remainder were mostly dehisced wounds. Healing was observed in 320 (81.4%) wounds with a median time to healing of 86 days (95% CI: 75-130). Factors associated with delayed healing included wound infection at any point and baseline wound area above the median. Health-related quality of life scores were low at baseline but improved with time and healing. Conclusions: This is the first inception cohort study in patients with surgical wounds healing by secondary intention. Patient characteristics have been clearly defined, with prolonged healing times and adverse events being common impacting on patient’s health-related quality of life. Areas for, and factors crucial to the design of, future research have been identified. Key Words: Surgical wounds, secondary intention, inception cohort, characteristics, clinical outcomes, treatments, quality of life

Adapting a mobile app to support patients with anorexia nervosa following post-acute care: perspectives from eating disorder treatment center stakeholders

Introduction Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a harmful, life-threatening illness. Patients with severe AN often receive acute treatment but, upon discharge, experience high relapse rates. Evidence-based, outpatient treatment following acute care is critical to preventing relapse; however, numerous barriers (e.g., location, financial limitations, low availability of providers) preclude individuals from accessing treatment. mHealth technologies may help to address these barriers, but research on such digital approaches for those with AN is limited. Further, such technologies should be developed with all relevant stakeholder input considered from the outset. As such, the present study aimed to garner feedback from eating disorder (ED) treatment center providers on (1) the process of discharging patients to outpatient services, (2) their experiences with technology as a treatment tool, and (3) how future mHealth technologies may be harnessed to offer the most benefit to patients in the post-acute period. Methods Participants (N = 11, from 7 ED treatment centers across the United States) were interviewed. To analyze the data for this study, each interview was manually transcribed and analyzed using components of Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Results Participants indicated proactively securing outpatient care for their patients, but mentioned several barriers their patients face in accessing evidence-based ED treatment. All participants had some experience using various technologies for treatment (e.g., teletherapy, self-monitoring apps), and mentioned a high level of interest in the development of a new app to be used by patients recently discharged from acute treatment for AN. Participants also offered suggestions of effective and relevant content for a potential app and adjunctive social networking component for post-acute care of AN. Discussion Overall, participants expressed positive attitudes toward the integration of an app into the care flow, suggesting the high potential benefit of harnessing technology to support individuals recovering from AN

A View from the Past Into our Collective Future: The Oncofertility Consortium Vision Statement

Today, male and female adult and pediatric cancer patients, individuals transitioning between gender identities, and other individuals facing health extending but fertility limiting treatments can look forward to a fertile future. This is, in part, due to the work of members associated with the Oncofertility Consortium. The Oncofertility Consortium is an international, interdisciplinary initiative originally designed to explore the urgent unmet need associated with the reproductive future of cancer survivors. As the strategies for fertility management were invented, developed or applied, the individuals for who the program offered hope, similarly expanded. As a community of practice, Consortium participants share information in an open and rapid manner to addresses the complex health care and quality-of-life issues of cancer, transgender and other patients. To ensure that the organization remains contemporary to the needs of the community, the field designed a fully inclusive mechanism for strategic planning and here present the findings of this process. This interprofessional network of medical specialists, scientists, and scholars in the law, medical ethics, religious studies and other disciplines associated with human interventions, explore the relationships between health, disease, survivorship, treatment, gender and reproductive longevity. The goals are to continually integrate the best science in the service of the needs of patients and build a community of care that is ready for the challenges of the field in the future

Skillstreaming the elementary school child : a guide for teaching prosocial skills

xvii, 380 hlm.: 25 c